Life Essays

Life Essays Life Essay Life Essay Due Date: You will pick a timeframe from the 1 asss to the SASS: Research what was going socially, strategically, financially during that timespan You are then going to compose a paper breaking down the timeframe and whatever point you have picked attempting to communicate the association between time, place and cultural happenings and a part of the Humanities. Ex. Discussion about a workmanship development and so on, that happened during the timeframe you pick. You should go the course of selecting melodies that were mainstream during the time and investigate how the verses mirror the estimation of the time. You should pick a film like Easy Rider and explain why you think it speaks to the outlook of opportunity of the open street and anxiety of the sixties. Another Idea you may attempt Is research a sort of music and how It mirrored the timeframe. A case of this Is to take a gander at the Jazz music In the sasss and tell about It spoke to a frantic vitality of time. You could take a gander at how adolescents wearing the fifties In contrast with how they started to dress In the records and clarify what was happening in the various decades to cause the distinction. There are a wide range of points to go with on this task. The primary concern you need to escape this is the manner by which music, design, craftsmanship, writing and so on. Think about what is going in the public eye at a given timeframe. You should even glance at when a particular kind of craftsmanship started and check whether there was anything going during that time in the workmanship domain that made print making a genuinely necessary artistic expression. You could take a gander at a style of craftsmanship, for example, spray painting or execution workmanship and see when and where it started and examine what was happening at the area or timeframe that encouraged the fine art developing. You should take a gander at Beat Poetry and perceive how the artists voiced the event of the offs and sasss. You should dissect hip bounce music and contrast It with something like slave stories and perceive how each might possibly mirror the various voices and attitudes of the African American societies. As one of the models that will be posted a detent composed on the Star Wars marvel and how it influenced American mainstream society over recent decades Write a paper on a particular workmanship or writing development. Or then again you may pick a craftsman, or artist whose music or workmanship might be a portrayal of a particular timeframe. Artist. You should concentrate on a particular religion or reasoning of a particular timeframe. You could likewise take a gander at current motion pictures, for example, Super-Size Me and break down why the cheap food culture has hurt Americans and their wellbeing. Utilizing a film to pass on a condition of cultural concern or attitude has gotten well known with movies, for example, Bowling for Columbine and Super-Size Me to include social critique about opportune themes, for example, stoutness and feelings on weapon control. For Instance The Columbine Shootings re-stirred the option to remain battle ready discussion that has been continuing for quite a long time and hundreds of years, the inquiry Is winy 010 It so snoozed Tanat tons disaster re-stirred adolescent Tate to an invalid fever pitch. Was it the intensity of film? Was it Americans saying enough we need to ensure ourselves inside our own fringes and against our neighbors? Whatever the conclusion or answer it reflects cultural mentality and maybe an adjustment in that attitude. Another thought may be to take a gander at the portrayal of the human body in workmanship at efferent timespans, in B.

Running Head A House in Gross Disorder Free Essays

In the book ‘A House in Gross Disorder’ C.B. Herrup presents an exceptional vision on the issues of social request and ethical quality, class esteems and social laws during the seventeenth century. We will compose a custom paper test on Running Head A House in Gross Disorder or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now The book depends on genuine occasions which occurred in England in 1630. The second Earl of Castlehaven was denounced in indecent lead, inappropriate behavior and homosexuality, and executed. Herrup distinctively depicts that the preliminary and decision were planned to caution respectability and the general public against improper conduct and homosexuality. The book comprises of 6 parts dedicated to various perspectives and issues of social request and sexual relations during the seventeenth century. Notwithstanding the way that the book is focused on the preliminary of the Second Earl of Castlehaven, Herrup proposes perusers a striking depiction of the common society, its worth and customs. Through the instance of Castlehaven, Herrup shows that the Stuart England ‘suffered’ from homosexuality and tempting sexual relations among married couples. In the Stuart time frame, notwithstanding, associations with slaves got undeniably more consideration and turned into the regulating picture of pederasty. Herrup underlines that a few sources reprimand use on alluring slaves as indulgent and unbefitting straightforwardness; this political investigate is supplanted by an ethical study of the slave’s treatment. Herrup composes: â€Å"Rape and homosexuality were violations of both incredible and little significance in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century England. Scriptural and old style history offered instances of their critical open outcomes; lessons and writing practiced the perils for counterparts â€Å"(p. 26). Masters’ contribution with their own slave young men was regularly offensive to their spouses, which might be proof of extensive individual closeness and warmth in such connections. Another significant topic of the book is that ladies were the most unprotected classification which experienced viciousness inside the organization of marriage. Among this gathering of ladies sexual maltreatment and physical brutality were the fundamental types of embarrassment and persecution. Herrup refers to case of abusive behavior at home and misuse, assault and beating. Under the preliminary of the Second Earl of Castlehaven, it was discovered that Castlehaven permitted one of his workers to assault his better half. This reality strikingly depicts profound organized imbalances †among people. â€Å"The indictments of Castlehaven and Broadway for assaulting the Countess of Castlehaven are a ground-breaking case of how troublesome it was for early current ladies, anyway favored, to have a viable legitimate voice† (Herrup, 1999, p. 147).â â Culturally, ladies were utilized to be abused. Their way of life was called culture of quiet since they reserved no privileges to secure their pride and opportunity used to social standards followed by ages. The point of the preliminary was to reveal social unfortunate behavior and sexual maltreatment submitted by honorability. Then again, it was planned to caution high classes against cross-class sex and social unfortunate behavior. Certainly, this reality included an assortment of discrete practices in such manner, every one of which delighted in varying degrees of acknowledgment relying upon the time and spot. The cross-class sex regular among men was not equivalent to connections among men and immature slaves or male whores. â€Å"Platonic love† was not equivalent to a truly fulfilled relationship. Age-differential pairings were not equivalent to age-equivalent relations, regardless of whether between grown-ups or teenagers. â€Å"Castlehaven’s preliminary changed the lives of the considerable number of principals, informers just as denounced, drastically and unalterably. Conclusion was slippery and flighty in an embarrassment that penetrated the same number of shows as did this one† (Herrup, 1999, p. 99). Same-sexual orientation love among guys was not equivalent to that among females. Not exclusively was there an across the board observation that people were portrayed by their sexual inclination, however there is extensive proof that similarly invested people congregated in social settings helpful for seeking after their shared advantages. Another significant subject of the book is connections among Catholics and Irish.  A amazing church produced a similarly ground-breaking intentionally anticlerical resistance. The strict assorted variety implied that the individuals who contradicted the nearby ties between the set up places of worship and the decision class could proâ ­duce orders and sections more qualified to their own advantages and to their vision of the world. Radicals and reformers may contradict the specific benefits of the state holy places without getting distanced from religion itself. Henceforth secularization has taken the structure, not of solid and principled resistance to the holy places or to religion as a rule, yet of lack of interest. Herrup (1999) underlines that: ’this is a case about sexual orientation, law, and legislative issues just as about sex, religion, and culpability. The more extensive point of view bodes well out of what are in any case conflicting components â€Å"(p. 146). A strict society was supplanted not by a hesitantly mainstream one yet by a general public which offered periodic empty talk to Christianâ ­ity and by a culture wherein individuals asserted connection to strict thoughts and convictions. As Herrup proposes, the rational view was that ethical quality depended on religion and was fundamentally about guideline.  Also, Herrup discloses a feeble intensity of King Charles I and the Court. Step by step instructions to refer to Running Head A House in Gross Disorder, Papers

Tips on How to Avoid the Plague

Tips on How to Avoid the Plague The bubonic plague that desolated the world in the Middle Ages is still with us in the cutting edge world, yet clinical information has sufficiently expanded so we presently comprehend what makes it and how effectively treat it. Cutting edge solutions for the plague include the liberal utilization of anti-infection agents like streptomycin, antibiotic medication, and sulfonamides. Plague is all the time deadly, and individuals with the ailment may require expansion indication help, including a wellspring of oxygen and respiratory help, just as drugs to keep up sufficient circulatory strain. 12 Medieval Tips that Probably Didnt Help In the medieval times, however, there were no known anti-toxins, yet there were a lot of home and specialist recommended cures. On the off chance that you had the plague and had the option to get a specialist to visit you, he would almost certainly propose at least one of the accompanying, none of which would do any great whatsoever. Rub onions, vinegar, garlic, herbs, or a hacked up snake on the boilsCut up a pigeon or chicken and rub the parts over your whole bodyApply bloodsuckers to the buboesSit in a sewer or rub human waste on the bodyTake a shower in urineWhip yourself to show God that you are humble for your sinsDrink vinegar, arsenic, or potentially mercuryEat squashed minerals, for example, emeraldsInfuse your home with herbs or incense to refine itPersecute the individuals you dont like and think may have reviled youCarry sweet-smelling flavors like ambergris (in the event that you are well off) or plain herbs (in the event that you are not)Suffer through rehashed cleanses or phlebotomy One Tip That Might Have Helped: Theriac The general suggested medicine for the plague in the medieval period was called panacea or London treacle. Cure-all was a restorative intensify, a medieval form of cures previously devised by traditional Greek specialists for various ills. Panacea was comprised of a mind boggling blend of various fixings, without a doubt a few plans had at least 80 fixings, yet the greater part of them included critical measures of opium. Mixes were comprised of a wide assortment of dietary enhancements, imbuements of scabious or dandelion juice; figs, pecans or organic product saved in vinegar; mourn, roan, sharp pomegranate, citrus foods grown from the ground; aloes, rhubarb, absinth juice, myrrh, saffron, dark pepper and cumin, cinnamon, ginger, bayberry, resin, hellebore and aâ whole part more. The fixings were blended in with nectar and wine to make a thick, sweet welcoming like consistency, and the patient was to weaken it in vinegar and drink it consistently, or if nothing else a few times each prior week suppers. Panacea originates from the English word treacle and was said to fix fevers, forestall inward swellings and blockages, mitigate heart issues, treat epilepsy and paralysis, actuate rest, improve processing, mend wounds, ensure against snake and scorpion chomps and fast mutts and toxins of various kinds. Who knows? Get the correct blend and the plague casualty may feel much improved, at any rate. 12 Tips that Would Have Workedâ Strangely, we presently think enough about the plague to return in time and make a few proposals to Medieval individuals on the best way to abstain from getting it. A large portion of them are just accessible to individuals sufficiently rich to follow the bearings: remain far away from individuals and different creatures that convey insects. Keep some spotless garments firmly collapsed and bound up in material rewarded with mint or pennyroyal, ideally in a cedar chest a long way from all creatures and vermin.At the primary murmur of plague in the region, escape any populated town or town and head for a confined estate, a long way from any exchange courses, with your cedar chest.Vigilantly clean each and every edge of your manor, executing all rodents and copying their corpses.Use a lot of mint or pennyroyal to debilitate bugs, andâ allow no felines or pooches to draw close to you.Under no conditions enter an encased network like a cloister or board a shipOnce away from all human contact, wash in amazingly high temp water, change into your perfect garments, and consume the garments you voyaged in.Keep a base separation of 25 feet from some other individual to abstain from getting any pneumonic structure spread through breathing and sneezing.Bathe in boiling water as often as possible as you can.Keep a fire consuming in y our manor to avoid the bacillus, and remain as near it as you can stand, even in summer. Have your militaries set and wreck ablaze any close by houses where plague casualties have resided.Stay where you are until a half year after the latest close by outbreak.Move to Bohemia before 1347 and dont leave until after 1353 Sources Fabbri, Christiane Nockels. Rewarding Medieval Plague: The Wonderful Virtues of Theriac. Early Science and Medicine 12.3 (2007): 247-83. Print.Holland, Bart K. Medicines for Bubonic Plague: Reports from Seventeenth-Century British Epidemics. Diary of the Royal Society of Medicine 93.6 (2000): 322-24. Print.Keiser, George R. Two Medieval Plague Treatises and Their Afterlife in Early Modern England. Diary of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 58.3 (2003): 292-324. Print.Siraisi, Nancy G. Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1990. Print.

Winter at Valley Forge in the American Revolution

Winter at Valley Forge in the American Revolution The camp at Valley Forge occurred from December 19, 1777 through June 19, 1778 and filled in as winter quarters for General George Washingtons Continental Army. Having endured a series of annihilations that fall, including losing the capital of Philadelphia to the British, the Americans made camp for the winter outside of the city. While at Valley Forge, the military persevered through a ceaseless flexibly emergency however to a great extent stayed too took care of and dressed as it did during the past battling season. Throughout the winter, it profited by the appearance of Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben who executed another preparation routine which changed the men in the positions from unpracticed beginners into trained officers fit for facing the British. At the point when Washingtons men left in June 1778, they were an improved armed force from the one that had shown up months sooner. A Difficult Autumn In the fall of 1777, Washingtons armed force moved south from New Jersey to safeguard the capital of Philadelphia from the propelling powers of General William Howe. Conflicting at Brandywine on September 11, Washington was conclusively crushed, driving the Continental Congress to escape the city. After fifteen days, in the wake of outsmarting Washington, Howe entered Philadelphia unopposed. Looking to recapture the activity, Washington struck at Germantown on October 4. In a hard-took on conflict, the Americans approached triumph however again endured rout. Choosing a Site With the battle season completion and chilly climate quickly drawing nearer, Washington moved his military into winter quarters. For his winter place to stay, Washington chose Valley Forge on the Schuylkill River around 20 miles northwest of Philadelphia. With its high ground and position close to the stream, Valley Forge was effectively faultless, yet at the same time sufficiently close to the city for Washington to keep up pressure on the British. The area additionally permitted the Americans to keep Howes men from attacking into the Pennsylvania inside also as could give the starting point to a winter crusade. Furthermore, the area close to the Schuylkill attempted to encourage the development of provisions. In spite of the thrashings of the fall, the 12,000 men of the Continental Army were feeling great when they walked into Valley Forge on December 19, 1777.â <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/aR-Xlxyn57fNwTGpQMi6EfMikK8=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2-valley-fashion armed force cabins 56a61aa83df78cf7728b5925.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/rADBw4lojBB8gDvB1aIPzAj9Pd0=/993x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2-valley-produce armed force hovels 56a61aa83df78cf7728b5925.jpg 993w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/pHQjhiNGcFtLfjK0Sz57EtfYqTw=/1686x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2-valley-manufacture armed force cottages 56a61aa83df78cf7728b5925.jpg 1686w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/nc9BIRi9rhldll0ho7i2RSW6OLg=/3072x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2-valley-fashion armed force cottages 56a61aa83df78cf7728b5925.jpg 3072w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/CbQlRsTerwhAZglMFtJow1fojhM=/3072x2304/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/2-valley-produce armed force cabins 56a61aa83df78cf7728b5925.jpg src=//:0 class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-12 information following container=true /> Remade armed force cabins at Valley Forge. Photo  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman Lodging Under the course of the armys engineers, the men started developing more than 2,000 log cabins spread out along military streets. These were raised utilizing lumber from the areas copious backwoods and normally took seven days to assemble. With the appearance of spring, Washington coordinated that two windows be added to every cabin. Furthermore, guarded channels and five redoubts were worked to ensure the place to stay. To encourage re-gracefully of the military, a scaffold was raised over the Schuylkill. The winter at Valley Forge for the most part invokes pictures of half-exposed, starving fighters engaging the components. This was not the situation. This symbolism is to a great extent the consequence of ahead of schedule, romanticized understandings of the settlement story which were intended to fill in as an illustration about American diligence. Supplies Despite the fact that a long way from perfect, the states of the place to stay were by and large comparable to the Continental troopers routine privations. During the early months of the place to stay, supplies and arrangements were rare, yet accessible. Fighters made due with means suppers, for example, firecake, a blend of water and flour. This would here and there be enhanced by pepper pot soup, a stew of meat tripe and vegetables.â The circumstance improved in February following a visit to the camp by individuals from Congress and fruitful campaigning by Washington. While an absence of apparel caused enduring among some the men, many were completely formally dressed with the best prepared units utilized for scrounging and watches. During the early months at Valley Forge, Washington campaigned to improve the armys gracefully circumstance with some achievement. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MaSyxkXUFGaMB0XuNhiv0MFn5cU=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-anthony-wayne-56a61aa43df78cf7728b5922.jpg 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/plvHdGboUY9VSEGcE326Ce5jl-w=/993x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-anthony-wayne-56a61aa43df78cf7728b5922.jpg 993w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/K9Nt3GV5NMUbl1pq2dtaq2Xa_1k=/1686x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-anthony-wayne-56a61aa43df78cf7728b5922.jpg 1686w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/MnpV_WYrQ6cBskxqpL6IDDfUsW4=/3072x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-anthony-wayne-56a61aa43df78cf7728b5922.jpg 3072w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/X2Bg57sO1QuvNfAhV8vjmtndmrQ=/3072x2304/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/5-anthony-wayne-56a61aa43df78cf7728b5922.jpg src=//:0 class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-23 information following container=true /> Sculpture of Brigadier General Anthony Wayne at Valley Forge. Photo  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman To enhance those provisions got from Congress, Washington sent Brigadier General Anthony Wayne to New Jersey in February 1778, to assemble food and steers for the men. After a month, Wayne came back with 50 head of cows and 30 ponies. With the appearance of hotter climate in March, malady started strike at the military. Throughout the following three months, flu, typhus, typhoid, and loose bowels all ejected inside the camp. Of the 2,000 men who passed on at Valley Forge, more than 66% were slaughtered by malady. These flare-ups were in the end contained through sanitation guidelines, immunizations, and crafted by specialists. Penetrating with von Steuben: On February 23, 1778, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben showed up in the camp. A previous individual from the Prussian General Staff, von Steuben had been enlisted to the American reason in Paris by Benjamin Franklin. Acknowledged by Washington, von Steuben was given something to do structuring a preparation program for the military. He was supported in this undertaking by Major General Nathanael Greene and Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Hamilton. In spite of the fact that he talked no English, von Steuben initiated his program in March with the guide of translators. Starting with a model organization of 100 picked men, von Steuben educated them in drill, move, and an improved manual of arms. These 100 men were thusly conveyed to different units to rehash the procedure, etc until the whole armed force was prepared. What's more, von Steuben presented an arrangement of dynamic preparing for initiates which instructed them in the essentials of soldiering. <img information srcset=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/THsQd_gZo3rUkSADCtyNdwyXcGQ=/300x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/8-von-stueben-56a61aa13df78cf7728b591f.JPG 300w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/RXHlcmtT_td_LPGkFKuMRWjouN4=/801x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/8-von-stueben-56a61aa13df78cf7728b591f.JPG 801w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/DvNavSw1H88zwlpPNLXuImViXyc=/1302x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/8-von-stueben-56a61aa13df78cf7728b591f.JPG 1302w, https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/t_qoyqZxTbqh55EYt96XmHbFKxE=/2304x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/8-von-stueben-56a61aa13df78cf7728b591f.JPG 2304w information src=https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/fPkmk4g8AdC-aAa028xhCFIolT4=/3072x2304/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/8-von-stueben-56a61aa13df78cf7728b591f.JPG src=//:0 class=lazyload information click-tracked=true information img-lightbox=true information expand=300 id=mntl-sc-square image_1-0-31 information following container=true /> Sculpture of Baron von Steuben at Valley Forge. Photo  © 2008 Patricia A. Hickman Looking over the place to stay, von Steuben incredibly improved sanitation by revamping the camp. This incorporated the repositioning kitchens and toilets guarantee they were on the contrary energies parts of the bargains and the last on the declining side. His endeavors so intrigued Washington that Congress named monitor general for the military on May 5. The aftereffects of von Steubens preparing were quickly obvious at Barren Hill (May 20) and the Battle of Monmouth (June 28). In the two cases, the Continental fighters confronted and battled on equivalent balance with the British experts. Takeoff Despite the fact that the winter at Valley Forge had been going after for both the men and the initiative, the Continental Army developed as a more grounded battling power. Washington, having endure different interests, for example, the Conway Cabal, to expel him from order, solidified himself as the armys milit

Explication Essay of “Cities and Thrones and Powers” by Rudyard Kipling Essay

â€Å"Cities and Thrones and Powers,/Stand in Time’s eye,† (lines 1, 2). These lines set up for the poem’s meaning. Rudyard Kipling utilizes allegorical language, word decision, and beat to make the importance â€Å"Nothing in this world keeps going forever, however life is everlasting,† Rudyard Kipling at that point plunges further and makes a more profound significance underneath that of the main saying, to appreciate the experience of life and to not become involved with the hardships of life. He likewise says that life is everlasting, it may change structure, yet it will never end. There is a plenteous utilization of metaphorical language, for example, likenesses and representation, in this sonnet to help make the significance. In line 3 and 4 he looks at life when all is said in done to blossoms, â€Å"Almost insofar as blossoms,/Which day by day die.† With these lines he is contrasting society with a bloom, and all things considered our lives are little in contrast with the master plan. In the second refrain he is contrasting our whole presence and a daffodil. â€Å"Esteems her seven days’ duration,/To be perpetual.† (Lines 14 and 15). The daffodil accepts that she will go on perpetually despite the fact that her life expectancy is just seven days in length. Like the daffodil in the sonnet, our general public frequently centers around our own lives and we imagines that it will keep going forever. Rudyard Kipling additionally utilizes fantastic word decision to upgrade the importance of his sonnet. In the last line of the sonnet the word shadow is utilized. â€Å"Shadow to Shadow, ‘see how our works endure!’†(Part of line 22). He utilizes the word â€Å"shadow† to state the start and end. The word â€Å"shadow† makes a darker significance than different words he could have utilized. He balances the dim significance by utilizing the word â€Å"endure†. With this word he makes a feeling of invulnerability, in that life will never end. These pieces of the last line mean individuals are not life itself but rather only a little bit of it and this is the reason life will really never end. Kipling likewise utilizes the cadence of the sonnet to help upgrade certain parts ofâ his meaning. â€Å"Out of the spent and unconsidered Earth, The Cities rise again.†(Line 7). The musicality of this line is somewhat not quite the same as the cadence of the encompassing lines making it stand apart among them. He makes this line stand apart on the grounds that it is a piece of the fundamental importance of this sonnet. This line shows that despite the fact that things will kick the bucket and wilt, different things will rise once more. In this sonnet, Rudyard Kipling makes the significance, â€Å"Nothing in this world keeps going forever, however life will endure.† This importance is made with the utilization of allegorical language, musicality, and word decision. At long last things will bite the dust, yet different things will rise once more. Urban areas and Thrones And Powers Urban areas and Thrones and Powers, Remain in Time’s eye, Nearly insofar as blossoms, Which day by day pass on: Be that as it may, as new buds set forth, To happy new men, Out of the spent and unconsidered Earth, The Cities rise once more. This season’s Daffodil, She never hears What change, what possibility, what chill, Chop down last year’s: However, with strong face, Also, information little, Regards her seven days’ duration To be never-ending. So time that is o’er kind, To all that be, Appoints us e’en as visually impaired, As striking as she: That in our very demise, Also, entombment sure, Shadow to shadow, all around convinced, saith, â€Å"See how our works endure!† By: Rudyard Kipling

10 Trusted Home Remedies for Natural Anxiety Relief

10 Trusted Home Remedies for Natural Anxiety Relief No-one likes anxiety. Whether at the early or advanced stages, the earlier you get relief, the better.With causes ranging from stressful situations at work or school to past experiences, anxiety can show up without notice.What do you do when it does?Call 911? Rush to the hospital? Take some pills?If you have been doing any of these, it’s time you stooped.There are far better ways to handle anxiety than taking random over-the-counter medicine.Rushing to the hospital or calling 911 is also extreme.That should be a preserve of when things get out of hand.HOME REMEDIES FOR ANXIETYFrom the comfort of your home, there is a lot you can do to keep anxiety at bay.Here is a list of 10 ways to kick anxiety out of your home with very little cost implications.1. ExercisesThe connection between anxiety and exercises has been studied and documented by many.Exercising is not only a sure way of reducing and dealing with anxiety but an easy one too.Exercises themselves do not directly reduce anxiety but their physical and psychological effects do. This is therefore an indirect but effective remedy for anxiety.For you to experience the benefits though, you have to be consistent.Do not start exercising today, skip it for three days, do it again for two days then stay away for a week.Doing this will leave you frustrated as you see no results.To successfully form a new habit around exercises, you should schedule it. Decide on a time of the day to exercise.Depending on your other routines like work, ensure the time slot is free and does not collide with other major activities.For example, to avoid getting late to work, you can decide to exercise in the evening.You can then set an alarm to go off when you leave the office and another one when you get home.These will remind you that you have an activity to engage in.Although there are many types of exercises you can do, here are three good ones to start you off.I. Jogging â€" this simple exercise will get your body warmed up and endo rphins fired up. Endorphins are the hormones which make you feel good.The good thing about jogging is that you can do it anywhere. If there is a park near your home, you can make use of it. If not, you can use the treadmill at the gym for this exercise. And if going to the gym is not possible, you can jog around your house.Another exercise you can do as an alternative is rope skipping. This does not need much space and you can do it right inside your home.II. Swimming â€" swimming is widely known as the exercise which works out the whole body. Not only does your heart rate increase, pumping more blood to your body, but your muscles get toned too.Swimming will require you to either have a swimming pool or go where one is. Although it may feel like too much work, you will appreciate the benefits. Being an outdoor exercise, you will also reap the benefits of the sun.The sun provides vitamin D which helps reduce anxiety and depression symptoms.III. Dancing â€" this might be the best exe rcise for you because it is beneficial in many ways. First of all, it is fun and anything fun will automatically lighten your moods. This makes it possible to enjoy yourself, something which anxiety restricts.If you can dance with others in a group, the better. You can enroll in a dancing class and learn some moves.Zumba has come out as the most popular dance exercise for fitness as well as stress and anxiety reduction.Here is a video to get you started. 2. Get Enough SleepAnother simple and freely available remedy for anxiety is sleeping.This might be the simplest of all the remedies available. Just tuck in and sleep your anxiety away.Anxiety can be caused by insomnia.And when that happens, it becomes a cycle because the anxiety can as well result in insomnia.But in many cases, anxiety comes first and when it does, you can treat it with a good night’s sleep.For a good sleep, you can try the below quick tips:I. Do not eat immediately before bedtime â€" the meal you take before bed time should be digested before you go to sleep. If you eat and immediately go to bed, you might have trouble sleeping. This is because your body will not be relaxing but working hard to digest food.This becomes worse if you eat a meal high in fats. Fats typically take longer to digest, meaning they stay in the stomach for longer.Worse still, this situation may result in what is commonly known as heartburn. Lying down while digestion is taking place could result in stomach acids flowing up the digestive tract.II. Do not use your phone or watch TV in bed â€" use of mobile devices has been shown to make sleeping difficult. The continued engagement keeps the mind active at a time when it’s supposed to be relaxing for sleep.At the same time, the blue light coming from the devices affects your sleep.III. Keep your bedroom clean, dark and cool â€" show some love to your bedroom. As much as it is the room which may never be seen by visitors, appreciate it for the rest it provides you with . As such, take some time to keep it looking good and you will reap the benefits.Having a clean bedroom is in itself inviting. Just think of booking a hotel room and finding the room dirty compared to when it is clean.Keeping it dark ensures there are no distractions to your eyes, keeping your mind free from things which may trigger its attention.The cool temperatures aid your body in relaxing. As opposed to when you’re exercising, sleep time requires cool temperatures.To achieve this however, if in a warm climate, do not use a fan. This will blow dust into the air and affect your health when you breathe it.Use your AC system to create a cool atmosphere but do not take the temperatures too low.3. Chamomile TeaWhat if sleep evades you? Don’t worry, there is a remedy for that.When you drink chamomile tea before going to bed, you will increase your chances of sleeping better. Chamomile tea is first of all relaxing.In that role, it will help you get rid of the anxiety symptoms.At th e same time, chamomile eases you into sleep mode.This will make it easier for you to fall asleep.If you are unable to sleep due to anxiety, taking chamomile tea before bed will give you double benefits.4. Upgrade Your FoodBetter food will always keep you away from the doctor.This is a principle because much of the nutrients you need for a healthy life come from food.But not all foods are the same. Some are good, others are better whereas others are plain bad.If you have anxiety, there are those you should strongly consider making a part of your meals.Brazilnuts â€" these nuts are famed for their high selenium content. Selenium is a strong mood lifter and is usually used as a supplement by people suffering from mood disorders like anxiety and depression. Instead of buying the supplements, why not buy the source of it and take it natural? A study conducted on the impact of selenium supplements on moods found that after 5 weeks, moods were improved. The subjects who did not take seleni um reported more cases of anxiety.Yogurt â€" yogurt is a great food to include in your diet if you desire to have some relief. The good bacteria which are in the yogurt promote mental health and function. They also inhibit free radicals which can destroy nerves tissues and lead to anxiety.Eggs â€" these cheap sources of proteins should be an important addition to your meals too. Eggs provide essential amino acids which produce dopamine and serotonin. These two neurotransmitters are responsible for improving your moods.Bananas â€" among the many health benefits bananas provide, they have the amino acid called tryptophan. This is also available in turkey meat. Once in the body, tryptophan is converted into serotonin. This in turn helps to relieve anxiety by promoting relaxation.Salmon â€" salmon is a fatty fish and is classified in the same category as mackerel. The omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D in salmon helps reduce anxiety symptoms by regulating dopamine and serotonin. Omega-3 has also been shown to reduce inflammation and prevent brain cell dysfunction which leads to anxiety.Blueberries â€" these small fruits are very high in antioxidants and vitamin C. These come in handy because anxiety “eats away” at your brain cells thus creating a need for your cells to be protected. Antioxidants can also help prevent anxiety.5. Take a Deep BreathOne of the simplest ways of calming yourself down is by taking   a deep breath.As you breathe in slowly and deeply, you fill your lungs with as much air as possible.You then release the air by breathing out slowly till all the air is expelled from your lungs.What happens during this exercise is that your whole body becomes relaxed because your heart rate is getting normalized.A relaxed heart pumps blood throughout your body at the normal rate and that causes your body to operate normally.This is the exact opposite of how anxiety makes your body operate.One variation of deep breathing is the technique known as “Alterna te Nostril Breathing.”With this technique, you breath in with one nostril while covering the other one. You then cover the one you breathed in with and exhale using the one you previously covered.This technique is very effective in making you get relaxed and ease the anxiety symptoms troubling you.Here is a video of how to practice alternate nostril breathing. 6. AromatherapyAs the name suggests, this is therapy using aromas. You use scents mainly from specific herbs and flowers to relieve anxiety symptoms.Aromatherapy has been practiced for a very long time. As usage of plants for medicinal benefits, there are records dating thousands of years back. Locations of historical use include Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), India and China.Through the different uses for both psychological and physical well-being, this practice has gained acceptance in many cultures.For aromatherapy, what is used is the essential oil of certain plants.An essential oil comes in concentrated form and must be diluted when applying on the skin.This article gives a comprehensive guide on dilution ratios.There are several ways of practicing aromatherapy. They include:Inhaling â€" this is the most popular way of benefiting from these oils. You can use an oil burner to get the scent spread after some heat is applied to it. Or, you can use a diffuser which uses water and some drops of the oil to form a steam which is distributed throughout the room.In your bath â€" you can also use essential oils in your bath. Add a few drops and soak yourself in the bath to get some relief.For massage â€" massages are often used with massage oils. If getting a massage for anxiety relief, specify which oil you would like used.If you don’t have any favorite, your masseuse will most likely know the best to use for anxiety.For anxiety, there are several good oils to choose from. All of these have a calming effect to ease your symptoms.Some oils you can use include lavender, valerian, jasmine, bergamot, chamomi le and ylang ylang. More oils can be found here.7. Get a MassageGetting a massage can be the best thing you can do for yourself when anxiety shows up.Although licensed or certified massage therapists may not be available at your home, there are many ways of massaging yourself.Check out this link with 11 ways of massaging yourself.Massages relieve muscle pains and tension, increase flexibility and improve your blood circulation. This causes your body to be relaxed and your symptoms disappear.As mentioned on the topic of aromatherapy, using essential oils can go a long way in making the massage more effective. It will also be more enjoyable.8. Take a WalkWalking is a form of exercising. It however works slightly differently from other exercises like jogging or swimming.Those exercises are fast-paced whereas walking to relieve yourself of anxiety symptoms is slow-paced.Walking takes the approach of creating a calm environment for clear thinking.You will benefit most if you walked in a park or in the woods where the air is clean and fresh.Primarily, it is the change of environment that causes the relief. As your mind is taken over by the scenes you see while walking, your mind will have something different to think about.For example, you may come across some birds as you walk. Or some fish if your walk takes you to where fish are. As you watch them, your mind will get something different to process.Getting your mind away from the thoughts causing you anxiety will help you a great deal. If the symptoms were caused by a situation, you will be able to more calmly think about it later.This is why many people often postpone thinking about stressful situation. They instead do something exciting so as to arouse the creative and solution-driven side of them.9. Talk it OutWhen you are anxious, you tend to withdraw from people. You pull away intending to think about the issue in an effort to come up with a solution.At other times, you may isolate yourself thinking that nobo dy understands you or wants to be with you.These feelings might reduce slightly upon isolation but not because the withdrawal is the solution. It is just a case of your secondary fears being stilled.Your primary fears are however still strong. And those are the ones you need to deal with.An easy way of reducing the weight of the symptoms you are experiencing is by talking to someone. If you live alone, find a friend or a support group you can interact with.If you live with someone, make an effort of talking to him about the situation.Open up to them. Tell them the fears you are facing. Discuss the challenge which lies ahead and try to consider their opinion.In most cases, they will listen to you, hoping they are good listeners, then reason out the situation with you.Show yourself some love by committing to trying to see the situation from the other person’s perspective.10. Stop CatastophizingIf you have anxiety symptoms, you will find that you easily drift towards the negative.And when things get worse, you take the negative to the extreme.This is called catastophizing. It is when you see nothing but catastrophes all around you.If you maintain this mindset, those catastrophes may as well start chasing you down the hallway.And if they catch up with you, you might suffer depression.The thing with catastophizing is that it is subtle. It starts small.In any case, everything starts small but grows exponentially mainly due to your response.“Don’t waste your time in anger, regrets, worries, and grudges. Life is too short to be unhappy.”  Roy T. BennettWhen you experience a challenge, it is your response that determines how big it will be.Entrepreneurs are known to turn challenges into opportunities when others see them as huge problems.How do they do it?It starts with the mindset. How you perceive the situation determines your response and the eventual success or failure. The same applies to you.Develop a mindset of a winner. Stop seeing challenges as problem s.Regardless of how big they are, decide to believe that you can overcome them.Your mind is a powerful tool and the more credit you give it, the more results it gives you. And the good thing about it is that you don’t have to have any solution.Just believing that you can tackle it is enough.You can try severally and fail but keep the belief. Talk to someone and ask for help and before you know it, you will have your breakthrough. It is just a matter of choice.Choose to maintain the right attitude.CONCLUSIONUse these simple remedies to help you deal with anxiety symptoms.You will easily contain the situation and prevent worse conditions like depression.

Care of Dementia Patient Caregiver Stress - 1100 Words

Care of Dementia Patient: Caregiver Stress (Research Paper Sample) Content: Care of Dementia Patient: Caregiver StressName:Institution:Care of Dementia Patient: Caregiver StressIntroductionDementia or Alzheimerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s disease is a disease that involves memory loss. Caring for someone with this condition may be an intensely emotional, long, and stressful journey. Millions of people all over the world take up this task whereas in the United States there are approximately 15 million caregivers (Courtenay, Jokinen, Nancy, Strydom, 2010). Since there is no cure for dementia disease currently, and just little medical intervention for the symptoms, the care giving to a dementia patient is what makes the difference in the quality of life the patient lives. Nonetheless, at times, care giving tends to consume a lot of time, especially as the physical, cognitive, and functional abilities reduce over time, and the caregiver may become overwhelmed and neglect their personal health and well-being. This explains why approximately 30 to 40 percent of de mentia caregivers face high stress levels, depression, or burnout. Arguably, all dementia caregivers will at a certain point in time experience anxiety, sadness, exhaustion, and loneliness. At this point, it becomes necessary for caregivers to seek help and support.Stresses of Care GivingWhen a caregiver is frustrated, of importance is being able to distinguish between what one has powers to change from what one cannot change. Frustration is normally caused by trying to change a circumstance that is beyond your control. Daily activities such as bathing, dressing, and eating may really frustrate a caregiver (Gallagher-Thompson, Tzuang, Au, Brodaty, Charlesworth, Gupta, Lee, Losada, Shyu, 2012). Though certain behaviors such as asking questions repeatedly and wandering around may be normal uncontrollable behaviors for people with dementia, they may trigger deep frustration to the caregiver.Since the behavior of a person suffering from dementia cannot be changed, the best thing is for the caregiver to device ways to respond to such circumstances. For a caregiver to respond without excessive frustration, she/he will have to learn how to identify the warning signs of frustration, intervene to physically calm yourself down, think in a way that lessens your stress, practice to communicate assertively, and lastly learn to seek assistance.Warning Signs of FrustrationWarning signs of frustration include headache, shortness of breath, knot in the throat, stomach cramps, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive eating, impatience, increased smoking, and urge to strike out.Preparing for a Dementiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Care ExperienceThe best way to deal with a dementia patient is to learn about the disease progression, so as to be better placed to prepare for future challenges, manage frustration, and develop reasonable expectations (Moyle Murfield, 2013). For instance in the early stages, support can be given to the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s independence and self-care, but as the physi cal and cognitive abilities degenerate, then 24-hour care may be required. However difficult it may be to contemplate such a scenario, the sooner plans are set up, the more your patient can take part in the decision-making. Since long-term care can be very costly and stressful, it is necessary to explore all the available options early enough.Coping with Stress and BurnoutCalming Down PhysicallyOne of the intervention techniques for frustration is undertaking an activity to help you relax. This helps in objective thinking and controlled reaction (Gallagher-Thompson et.al, 2012). An example of such an activity is slowly counting from one to ten and breathing deeply and controllably. Another way is taking a brief walk or leaving the room to gather your thoughts. It is much better to escape the situation for a moment rather than losing control and reacting in a regretful manner. A smart way to excuse yourself if someone else is in the room would be to say you are visiting the restroom. Calling a friend, meditation, praying, listening to music, singing, or bathing may be other ways of relieving the stress. There are also some exercises that can play a major part in preparing the caregiver for frustrating circumstances. Try to find time and perform these exercises that have been proven to work at least for ten minutes on a daily basis: Sit comfortably in a quiet area. Breathe slowly and deeply and relax your body tension. While at it, imagine a secure and restful place, and repeat a calming phrase or word.Seek Regular Respite CareSince a caregiver cannot manage to take care of a dementia patient alone, it is necessary to approach family members, friends, or congregational members of your worship place to help so that you can take a break. In addition, seek assistance from support groups, volunteer organizations, residential respite care facilities, and day care programs. Slot frequent breaks into your busy schedule to attend to interests and hobbies, as well as tak e care of your health needs. Do not hesitate to seek professional care if you identify signs of burnout.Get MovingNot only does running keep you fit, but also emit endorphins thus remarkably boosting your moods. At least exercise for 30 minutes a day but break it into spans of 10 minutes. The exercises can range from outside jogging or walking, cycling to the store, dance to good music, or doing a DVD workout. A social outlet would be something like a work out with friends.Talk it overTalk t... Care of Dementia Patient Caregiver Stress - 1100 Words Care of Dementia Patient: Caregiver Stress (Research Paper Sample) Content: Care of Dementia Patient: Caregiver StressName:Institution:Care of Dementia Patient: Caregiver StressIntroductionDementia or Alzheimerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s disease is a disease that involves memory loss. Caring for someone with this condition may be an intensely emotional, long, and stressful journey. Millions of people all over the world take up this task whereas in the United States there are approximately 15 million caregivers (Courtenay, Jokinen, Nancy, Strydom, 2010). Since there is no cure for dementia disease currently, and just little medical intervention for the symptoms, the care giving to a dementia patient is what makes the difference in the quality of life the patient lives. Nonetheless, at times, care giving tends to consume a lot of time, especially as the physical, cognitive, and functional abilities reduce over time, and the caregiver may become overwhelmed and neglect their personal health and well-being. This explains why approximately 30 to 40 percent of de mentia caregivers face high stress levels, depression, or burnout. Arguably, all dementia caregivers will at a certain point in time experience anxiety, sadness, exhaustion, and loneliness. At this point, it becomes necessary for caregivers to seek help and support.Stresses of Care GivingWhen a caregiver is frustrated, of importance is being able to distinguish between what one has powers to change from what one cannot change. Frustration is normally caused by trying to change a circumstance that is beyond your control. Daily activities such as bathing, dressing, and eating may really frustrate a caregiver (Gallagher-Thompson, Tzuang, Au, Brodaty, Charlesworth, Gupta, Lee, Losada, Shyu, 2012). Though certain behaviors such as asking questions repeatedly and wandering around may be normal uncontrollable behaviors for people with dementia, they may trigger deep frustration to the caregiver.Since the behavior of a person suffering from dementia cannot be changed, the best thing is for the caregiver to device ways to respond to such circumstances. For a caregiver to respond without excessive frustration, she/he will have to learn how to identify the warning signs of frustration, intervene to physically calm yourself down, think in a way that lessens your stress, practice to communicate assertively, and lastly learn to seek assistance.Warning Signs of FrustrationWarning signs of frustration include headache, shortness of breath, knot in the throat, stomach cramps, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive eating, impatience, increased smoking, and urge to strike out.Preparing for a Dementiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Care ExperienceThe best way to deal with a dementia patient is to learn about the disease progression, so as to be better placed to prepare for future challenges, manage frustration, and develop reasonable expectations (Moyle Murfield, 2013). For instance in the early stages, support can be given to the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s independence and self-care, but as the physi cal and cognitive abilities degenerate, then 24-hour care may be required. However difficult it may be to contemplate such a scenario, the sooner plans are set up, the more your patient can take part in the decision-making. Since long-term care can be very costly and stressful, it is necessary to explore all the available options early enough.Coping with Stress and BurnoutCalming Down PhysicallyOne of the intervention techniques for frustration is undertaking an activity to help you relax. This helps in objective thinking and controlled reaction (Gallagher-Thompson et.al, 2012). An example of such an activity is slowly counting from one to ten and breathing deeply and controllably. Another way is taking a brief walk or leaving the room to gather your thoughts. It is much better to escape the situation for a moment rather than losing control and reacting in a regretful manner. A smart way to excuse yourself if someone else is in the room would be to say you are visiting the restroom. Calling a friend, meditation, praying, listening to music, singing, or bathing may be other ways of relieving the stress. There are also some exercises that can play a major part in preparing the caregiver for frustrating circumstances. Try to find time and perform these exercises that have been proven to work at least for ten minutes on a daily basis: Sit comfortably in a quiet area. Breathe slowly and deeply and relax your body tension. While at it, imagine a secure and restful place, and repeat a calming phrase or word.Seek Regular Respite CareSince a caregiver cannot manage to take care of a dementia patient alone, it is necessary to approach family members, friends, or congregational members of your worship place to help so that you can take a break. In addition, seek assistance from support groups, volunteer organizations, residential respite care facilities, and day care programs. Slot frequent breaks into your busy schedule to attend to interests and hobbies, as well as tak e care of your health needs. Do not hesitate to seek professional care if you identify signs of burnout.Get MovingNot only does running keep you fit, but also emit endorphins thus remarkably boosting your moods. At least exercise for 30 minutes a day but break it into spans of 10 minutes. The exercises can range from outside jogging or walking, cycling to the store, dance to good music, or doing a DVD workout. A social outlet would be something like a work out with friends.Talk it overTalk t...

Budgeting and Alternative Budgeting Techniques - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3035 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? 1. BUDGETING 1.1Introduction It is critical that business develop plans for the future. It is unlikely that a business will achieve whatever they set out to do unless its managers are clear on what the future direction of the business in going to be. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Budgeting and Alternative Budgeting Techniques" essay for you Create order According to Atrill McLaney (2012), the development of plans involves, establishing the missions and objectives, undertaking a position analysis, identifying and assessing the strategic options, selecting strategic options and formulating long term strategic plans. The strategic plans are then broken down into short term plans for each business unit. These plans are known as budgets. Weetman (2010, p.317) defines budgets à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"as a detailed plan which sets out, in money terms, the plans for income and expenditure in respect of a future period of time. It is prepared in advance of that time period and is based on the agreed objectives for that period of time, together with the strategy planned to achieve those objectives.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Drury (2013), reckons that the multiple functions of budgets include; planning annual operations, coordinating the various functions of the organizations, communicating plans to the various responsibility centres, motivating mangers to ach ieve organizational goals, controlling activities and evaluating the performance of managers. 1.2Traditional Budgeting This form of budgeting is also known as incremental budgeting. As discussed by Atrill McLaney (2012), budget setting is undertaken on the basis of what happened in the previous year with adjustments for factors expected to affect the subsequent period budget such as inflation. For instance If the salaries of doctors in a hospital was GBP 2M, when the budget for next years budget is being prepared and the hospital administrator thinks that we will need three new doctors who will be paid GBP 60,000 each and he will have to give all doctors a payrise of 5%, on the assumption that even the new doctors will get a payrise then budget for doctors salaries in the coming year will be GBP 2.18M = [2 + {60,000*3}]*1.05. This form of budgeting is deemed to have the following advantages; it is easy to prepare and can therefore be allocated to junior members of staff, it is easily understandable, owing to shorter preparation times, It has lower preparation costs, it reduces conflict amongst functions since the same approach is used organization wide, and finally impacts of any changes can easily be traced to its origin, in our example the increase in doctors salary costs can quickly be attributed to the annual increase. There has however emerged criticism to this method of budgeting. As noted by Drury (2013), the major disadvantage of this method is that the majority of expenditure associates with the current level of activity remains unchanged, which makes the costs of support activities to become fixed, and past inefficiencies and waste inherent with the status quo is perpetuated. It also gives insufficient focus on improving efficiency and effectiveness; resource allocation tends to be based on existing strategies with no thought of future strategies; it has excessive focus on short-term financial targets which often leads to arbitrary resource allocations. In considering our scenario of a company (Say Company A), operating in a stable market place with little ch anges in products or demand, and a company (Say company B), operating in a very dynamic rapidly changing environment, it may be partially appropriate though not optimal for company A to adopt traditional budgeting than would be for company B. Budgets based on historical figures suit better companies whose operations are relatively stable on the premise that customer relationships do not necessarily disappear year on year, and that budgets are not made without consideration of external factors such as the current economic situation and anticipated future development. According to Stevens (2007), incremental budgeting will provide accurate budget figures for variable costs since these have a clear link to production or sales, however such an approach will unlikely produce accurate figures for support departments whose costs are largely fixed. Markets have become volatile, and extremely competitive. This has created a shift of emphasis from internal effectiveness, in which traditional budgeting is a useful tool, to external effectiveness or competitive edge (Ekholm Wallin, 2000). It is therefore advisable for both companies to consider alternative budgeting techniques. 2. ALTERNATIVE BUDGETING TECHNIQUES 2.1Zero based budgeting (ZBB) This method is also known as the priority based budgeting, and emerged as an attempt to address the inherent limitations of traditional approach to budgeting. According to Atrill McLaney (2012), it rests on the philosophy that all spending needs to be justified. Budgets start on a zero base and will only be increased above zero if a good cause can be articulated on why the scare resources of the organization should be allocated to an activity. Drury (2013), further states that ZBB involves three stages which are; a description of each organizational activity in a decision package; the evaluation and ranking of decision packages in order of priority; and allocation of resources based on order of priority up to the spending cut-off level. This approach is best suited to discretionary costs such are research and development and training costs, where there is no optimal relationship between input and outputs. Proponents of this method argue that it has the following benefits; it avoid s the deficiencies of budgeting and represents a move towards the allocation of resources by need or benefit. Thus, unlike traditional budgeting the level of previous funding is not taken for granted. ZBB creates a inqusitive attitude rather than a complacent one that assumes that current practice represents value for money hence inefficiencies and wastage are reduced. ZBB rationalizes outputs in relation to value for money; it encourages managers to look at alternative operations plans. However critics of this approach have argued that the processes are too costly and time consuming. The process of identifying decision packages and determining their purpose, cost and benefits is extremely time-consuming (Drury 2013). There are often too many decision packages to evaluate and there is frequently insufficient information to enable them to be ranked. Further managers whose areas of responsibility are subjected to ZBB may feel threatened by it (Atrill McLaney 2012). However benefits o f this approach can be gained by using it on a selective basis, or as advanced by Drury (2013,) by applying it selectively to areas that management is most concerned and used as a one off cost reduction programme. Benefits of ZBB can be captured by using priority-based incremental budgets. Priority incremental budgets require manager to demonstrate the incremental change in their activities if their budgets were to be increased or decreased by a specific percentage. Budget allocations are made by comparing the change in costs with the change in benefits (Drury 2013). 2.2Activity based budgeting (ABB) This approach is an extension of activity based costing. According to Atrill McLaney (2012) under a system of ABB, the budgeted sales of products or services are determined and the activities necessary to achieve the budgeted sales are then identified. Budgets for each of the various activities are prepared by multiplying the budgeted usage of the cost driver for a particular activity (as determined by the sales budget) by the budgeted rate for the relevant cost driver. Budgets under this approach are focused on cost driving activities rather than functions. ). The idea is to create a new budgeting model, which gives the company more flexibility to react to unexpected events, thus emphasizing the importance of operational planning (Hansen, 2011). ABB involves the following steps; estimate the production and sales volume by individual products and customers; estimate the demand for organizational activities; determine the resources that are required to perform organizational activi ties; estimate for each resource the quantity that must be supplied to meet the demand; and finally take action to adjust the capacity of resources to match the projected supply. The aim of ABB is to approve the use of only those resources necessary to undertake activities required to meet the budgeted production and sales volume (Drury, 2013). A definite advantage of this approach is that it overcomes the incremental approach since revenues and costs are linked to activities. It also highlights the external focus such as deriving target costs from customer and market requirements and basing target setting on internal and external benchmarks (Bunce, Fraser Woodcock, 1995). ABB reduces bureaucracy and time associated with budget preparation, meaning the value added by the process increases. Since the ABB budgeting model is usually computer based, it can easily be updated to new circumstances (Hansen, 2011). ABB highlights any imbalances and inefficiencies, by providing information t hat can be used to improve operations since the company can see where the resources are needed; and finally communication of objectives improves since the lower-level managers understand operational terms better than financial. However a major shortcoming of this approach is that if defining cost drivers is not done well, then the result may be vague descriptions of activities which makes it hard to properly analyze the activities and place any kind of values on them (Marcino, 2000). 3. CONCLUSION There has been emergent critics of budgeting with some advocating for the total abolishing of the process and replacing it with Beyond Budgeting. Beyond budgeting central goal is to abolish annual budgeting, replace it with benchmarked metrics and eventually completely decentralize power (Hope Fraser, 2000). It advocates decentralizing the whole organization and giving greater independence to lower level managers, which enables managers to make fast decisions, since they no longer need to base their decisions on budgets alone. Further Drury (2013), suggests rolling forecasts produced on a monthly or quarterly basis as an alternative to annual budgeting. Rolling forecasts should embrace key performance indicators necessary to achieve the firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives based on balanced scorecards. However from a survey conducted by Dugdale Lynn (2006), on financial and nonfinancial managers in 40 companies concluded that budgeting was alive and well. These managers thought bud gets were important for planning, control, performance measurement, coordination and communication. Rather than abandoning the budget, it would be better to diagnosis its problems and fix it (Greenberg Greenberg, 2006.) The budget is an inexpensive and ascertained method for guiding action and reducing risk, and therefore likely to remain a ubiquitous feature of management for the foreseeable future. 4. TRANSFER PRICING Procter (2012, p.322) defines transfer pricing as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the monetary value for which goods and services are exchanged between different responsibility centres of the same organization and if the responsibility centres are in different countries then the exchange value in known as the international transfer price.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The purpose of transfer pricing includes; provision of information that motivates divisional managers to undertake good economic decisions; avail information crucial to evaluating economic and managerial performance of divisions; ensuring that divisional autonomy is maintained; allocation of divisional resources and intentionally moving profits across divisions hence minimizing tax obligations. There are various approaches to setting transfer prices for goods and services across divisions. Some of these methods are discussed below; 4.1Market based transfer prices Market prices are those that exist in an open market (Atrill McLaney, 2012). It would be therefore optimum for both decision making and performance evaluation to set transfer prices at this competitive market price. This condition exist in a perfectly competitive market where products and services sold are the same and no individual buyer or seller can influence the prices (Drury 2013). Divisional profits will most likely be the similar to profits that would be calculated assuming that the divisions are separate organizations. This enables divisional profitability to be compared directly with profitability of similar companies in the same business. Where selling costs for internal transfers are identical to those of selling externally, it would then not matter if the supplying division decides to transfer its product internally or sell externally. This is illustrated by Fig. 1.1 1.2 below; Fig. 1.1 Fig 1.2 Figure 1.1 1.2 illustrate an example where the supplying division either sells to a receiving division or to the external markets. If the supplying division supplies 1000 units at 9,000 and the receiving divisions incurs a further 5,000 in incremental costs and can sell the final product at 20,000, then it is evident that in both scenarios the division and overall company contribution remains unchanged. Transferring products at market prices may result in the selling division making savings relating to selling and distribution costs which may be passed on to the buying division in form of lower prices. When transfer prices are undertaken at market prices, divisional performance is most likely to represent the real economic contribution of a division to the overall company profits (Drury 2013). The use of this approach is objective and has real economic credibility, since the market price represents the opportunity cost of the products. A major challenge with this approach is that an external market price may simply not exist, which is co mmon with goods and services tailored to the needs of the buying division which is the only market. Further if the division has spare capacity basing transfer price on the market price may lead to lost sales, hence in the short run a price higher than the variable costs should be accepted. 4.2Full cost transfer pricing If cost is the basis of transfer pricing, then the selling department will earn no profit and the buying department will have a cost that is lower than it would pay for in an external market (Weetman 2010). This approach can hinder the evaluation of divisional performance. There will be difficulties in making resource allocation decisions concerning the level of output, product mix and investment levels within a division since profit cannot be used as a gauge of efficiency. We will consider an illustration; Simba and Chui are divisions of the Big 5 Group. Simba produces an intermediate product that is used by Chui in manufacture of the final product. Chui has developed a matrix of expected sales of the final product as follows; The costs for each division are tabulated below; A computation of the profits for the Big 5 Group as a unit is represented in Fig 2.0 below; Fig. 2.0 The profits for the Simba division are computed and tabulated in Fig 2.1 Fig. 2.1 The profits for the Chui division are computed and tabulated in Fig 2.2 Fig. 2.2 From the illustration; the optimum output level for the Group is 5,000 units. Drury (2013, p.350) defines net marginal revenue as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the marginal incremental revenue from the sale of an extra unit or a specified number of incremental units of the final product less the marginal conversion costs excluding the transfer prices.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Thus the net marginal revenue associated with the receiving division is computed on Fig 2.3; Fig. 2.3 Under Full cost transfer pricing, assuming an optimum company output level of 5,000 units per Fig 2.0 the fixed cost per unit of Simbaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intermediate product will be $10 ($50,000/5000 units) thus a full cost of $19 ($10 fixed cost/unit + $9 variable cost/unit). If the transfer price is $19 ($19,000 per 1000 units) the receiving unit will purchase only as long as the net marginal revenue exceeds the transfe r price. The optimal level for the receiving division will be at 4,000 units at which level the net marginal revenue will be $35,000 (Fig 2.3), hence they will not want to operate at 5,000 units which is the optimal level for the whole Group. Further at the selected level of output the Simba division total costs will exceed its transfer revenue. Its transfer revenue will be $ 76,000 ($19*4,000) whilst its costs will be ($36,000+$50,000). (Fig. 2.1). This price therefore does not ensure that optimal output decisions are made and also not suitable for performance evaluation. Under this pricing approach managers often have no incentive to control costs since these will be passed on to the buying division. However if the division has spare capacity and cannot sell externally then this approach could be justified (Weetman 2010). 4.3Cost plus a mark- up transfer prices It is possible to add a mark up to the full cost of the intermediate product to ensure that the supplying division makes a profit. The profit should justified or it will be a matter of contention between the two divisions (Atrill McLaney, 2012). The purpose of transfer pricing is to motivate both the supplying and receiving divisions to operate at an optimum level for the Group. In this case this level is 5,000 units. Assuming that our transfer price (based on cost plus mark-up) is $40, obtained from the summation of the fixed cost per unit, variable cost per unit and a mark-up, the profit computations for each division will be as tabulated in figure 2.1 2.2 above. Whilst the supplying division will maximize profits at 6,000 units (Fig 2.1) the receiving division will maximize at 3,000 units (Fig 2,2), none will be willing to operate at 5,000 units (Fig 2.0) which is the optimum level for the Group. The receiving division will not increase output beyond 3,000 units because the tr ansfer price charged beyond this level $ 40,000 ($40*1000) exceeds the net marginal revenue of $ 35,000 (Fig 2.3). This approach does not offer managers any incentive to control costs since these will passed on the buying division. Operational inefficiencies of the supplying division are passed on to the receiving unit. 4.4Negotiated transfer prices Transfer prices can be set through negotiations between the managers of the selling and acquiring divisions. According to Proctor (2008), this approach works best where there is an active external market for the products as the external market price will signi ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ cantly in ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡uence the transfer price by acting as a reference point. Also in this case divisional managers are free to accept or reject offers made by other divisions. This method may however lead to severe disputes in cases where divisional manager fail to agree on a price which may require the intervention of senior management. It can be time consuming and may distract top management from their strategic role. Senior management intervention may also be interpreted by the divisional managers as undermining the autonomy of divisions (Atrill McLaney, 2012). In other circumstances the negotiated prices may be artificial and misleading; especially in divisions whose managers have poor barga ining skills. For negotiations to work effectively it is important that managers have equal bargaining power. 5. CONCLUSION In the absence of a perfect market for the intermediate product none of the transfer pricing methods can perfectly meet both the decision making and performance evaluation requirements and not undermine divisional autonomy. A solution may be based on marginal cost with a fee added that provides some reward to the selling division without discouraging the buying division. What matters is that both divisions employ decisions that benefit the overall organization.

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What Makes A Good Scientist - 874 Words

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Schizophrenia Is A Severe Mental Disease Where The Individual

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease where the individual suffers from symptoms such as incoherent speech and thinking, abnormal behavior, and problems with emotional expressiveness. It is a Greek word meaning â€Å"split mind† and was first coined by a German psychiatrist, Emil Kraepelind who called it Schizophrenia dementia paradox. There are different ways to characterize the different types of Schizophrenia that exist. It can either be characterized as being divided into two types of Schizophrenia or as four types of Schizophrenia. When Schizophrenia is divided into two types, it can either be Nuclear Schizophrenia or Process Schizophrenia. When Schizophrenia is divided into the four types, it can be divided into hebephrenic type,†¦show more content†¦The voices that these people hear are taken seriously by the patients and it becomes part of their world. 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Segmentation of Budweiser Free Essays

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of Study The use, acceptance, adoption and application of internet technology to businesses to boast their performances are not something new. Saffu et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Segmentation of Budweiser or any similar topic only for you Order Now , (2008), states that there has been a significant increase in the use and application of e-commerce in businesses in the past decade. E-commerce has benefits such as reduction in costs, increased business opportunities, reduced lead time and providing more personalized service to the customers (Turban et al. , 2008). Internet banking or e-banking is one of the many tools of e-commerce adopted by the banking industry. Tools of information technology such as internet banking have significantly improved the quality of services offered by the banking industry and/or financial institutions (Dawes and Rowley, 1998). Currently, there are thousands and thousands of e-banking web sites all over the world. Botswana is a developing country, located in the southern part of Africa. She has a population of just about 2 million. Being a developing country, internet technology has not been quite a thing for the citizens. Majority of people who get to use the internet are those in tertiary schools, work places and government departments, since they can get to use internet there. â€Å"In October 30th 2008, Botswana completed the multi-million pula Trans-Kalahari fibre-optic project, covering approximately 2000 kilometres. The project is expected to act as a catalyst to the growing ICT industry in the country. †Ã‚  (Botswana Guardian. 2008) This study focused on the information technology (IT) adoption in a developing country; Botswana, where internet technology let alone internet banking is still at its infancy stage, but could offer potential benefits and usefulness to the entire population and to the banking industry in the not so distant future. â€Å"The Botswana government together with that of Namibia recently contributed US$37. 5 million each to secure the West African Cable System (WACS) landin g point. The 14 000 kilometre cable will bring direct and fast connectivity between Namibia, Botswana, West Africa, the United Kingdom and the rest of the world with a design capacity of 5. 12 terabit. These developments are expected to mark the beginning of cheaper bandwidth in the country. Both countries, Namibia and Botswana are at the dawn of an infrastructure revolution on the ICT landscape where broadband communication services will be further enhanced to benefit businesses, ndustry, internet community, academia and the entire population. † (Telecom Namibia, 16 February 2011) For the business industries in Botswana to stay competitive, they would have to implement e-commerce to enable them to be more competitive and efficient. This without any doubt includes the banking industry, which by no means have to implement and manage effectively the Internet banking services. The importance of e-commerce in Botswana is very critical since Botswana is a landlocked country and has no access to sea ports. The Botswana government is looking at making the country the communication harbour in the region. Under the government of Botswana’s plans, developing e-business is a critical step and a vital pillar of the economy. † (Botswana Guardian. , 2011). Given the importance of e-business and of Internet banking, it should be the key strategy of the banking industry in Botswana, just like in other developed and developing countries. Although the Botswana government is willing to spend money to invest on internet technology, thus improving e-commerce infrastructure, the ultimate success of Internet banking is still depending on consumers’ perceptions and whether they are willing to use internet banking. Therefore, users and/or customers ought to be willing to use, adopt and accept the technology. 1. 2 Problem Statement â€Å"Internet usage in Botswana remains very low as a result of the high cost to access it, the high cost of computer hardware and generally low levels of Internet awareness. Botswana remains on the wrong side of the digital divide with little access to development and innovation. The Internet banking service is a new technology in Botswana which means it needs a lot of efforts and sources to be adopted by both banks and customers. † (Chippa Legodimo. , 2007). Although previous studies into internet banking adoption show that Internet banking has been implemented completely in many developed countries such as the United States of America and Europe (Pakkarainen et al. 2004) and thus showing more on the factors affecting Internet banking adoption and/or acceptance on innovation adoption in the context of such developed countries (Daniel, 1999; Mols, 2000), there is a growing trend in the adoption of Internet banking by the banking industry in the developing countries too (Gurau. , 2002). It should be noted, that even though Botswana is one of the developing countries; her economy is not growing at the same rate as those of other developing countries. This could be mainly due to her geographical location. Therefore; e-commerce infrastructure is still less developed, thus the adoption of Internet banking is still at its infancy stage when compared to other developing nations. Given that in several countries, studies have been carried out measuring the factors affecting adoption of Internet business; and since there has never been any research or study on the factors affecting the decision to adopt Internet banking in Botswana, this study tried to study and measure such factors. 1. 3 Research Objectives The primary objective of this study was to comprehend the consumers’ perception towards the adoption of internet banking in Botswana and to identify the factors affecting the decisions to adopt internet banking. The objectives of this research are as follows: 1. To identify the key factors affecting the decision to adopt Internet banking system in Botswana. 2. To examine whether socioeconomic influences the decision to adopt Internet banking in Botswana. 3. To identify the most significant factor that affect the decision to adopt Internet banking in Botswana. 1. 4 Definition of Terms Internet Banking (Internet banking): Computerized service that allows a bank’s customers to get Internet with the bank via internet or telephone lines to view the status of their account(s) and transaction history. It usually also allows them to transfer funds, pay bills, request check books and so on (Business dictionary. , 2011) Internet: Global network of networks using universal standards to connect millions of different networks (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. , 2010). Information Technology (IT): The hardware and software technologies a firm needs to achieve its business objectives (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. 2010). Information System Literacy: Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. , 2010). Adoption: The ability to accept and be willing to use. Privacy: The claim of in dividuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals, organizations or the state (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. , 2010). Computer Literacy: Knowledge about information technology, focusing on understanding of how computer-based technologies work (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. , 2010). Security: Policies, procedures and technical measures used to prevent unauthorized access, alteration, theft or physical damage to information system (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. , 2010). Risk Assessment: Determining the potential frequency of the occurrence of a problem and a potential damage if the problem were to occur. Used to determine cost/benefits of a control (Kenneth C Laudon and Jane P Laudon. , 2010). 1. 5 Scope of Study This study focused on internet banking adoption in a developing country, Botswana; where internet banking is still emerging and seems promising. The study was carried out on individuals comprising of Botswana population, mainly in the two cities; Gaborone and Francistown and the two major towns Jwaneng and Lobatse. The study looked at factors affecting the decision to adopt internet banking services, particularly in Botswana. Some of the developing countries like Malaysia (Suganthi and Suganthi. , 2001) and Turkey (Polatoghu and Ekin. , 2001) have successful implemented and adopted internet banking services. Adoption and implementation of internet banking is on the rising trend among the developing countries (Gurau. , 200). Likewise, Botswana as a developing country ought to implement and adopt internet banking services, therefore, this study looked at factors affecting the decision to adopt internet banking in Botswana. 1. 6 Significance of Study Banks: Comprehending the behaviour and perceptions of the customers is of great concern and importance to the survival of Banks (Devlin, Worthington, and Gerrard. , 2007). The banks and/or financial institutions will use this study to improve their service quality. The study will facilitate useful feedback that will be used for the improvement of the services and facilities rendered by both banks and other financial institutions in Botswana. Internet usage is at its infancy stage in Botswana and this study will permit the banks to position themselves and acquire the necessary knowledge on how to sell the service more to their customers. Understanding the customer’s perception regarding a product and/or service, put the banks at an advantage, thus allowing them to formulate strategy and customize their services to the needs of their customers. Customers/users: Customers/users ought to know and/or be aware of the cons and pros of using this facility. Therefore, the knowledge on the factors affecting the customers’ decision to adopt and use internet banking is a vital asset to all customers and potential customers as they will be in a position to make informed decisions. This study would enable customers to evaluate if they really need this service or not. Research: Since there is no study in previous researches on this topic in Botswana in particular, future and current researchers would be in a position to use it as a point of reference and/or to improve it. It will also encourage other researchers to consider researching more on the adoption and use of internet banking in Botswana. It will serve as a starting point for them. 1. 7 Organization of Study Chapter 1: introduction This chapter inductions the subtopics such as background of study, research objectives, definition of terms, scope of study, significance of study and organization of study; to make the comprehension of the whole study visible and/or viable thus making it easier to comprehend the whole study. It is more of a gate way into the whole study as it gives a brief but detail description and/or summary of the whole study. Chapter 2: literature review Based on the previous studies, this chapter discusses and explains internet banking in details and factors affecting the decision to adopt internet banking in Botswana. It clearly depicts the definitions of dependent variable, independent variables and moderating variables. References from the previous studies are used to enhance comprehension and to see how independent variables influence dependent variable, if ever they do. Chapter 3: Methodology This chapter depicts the whole arrangement of the study. In includes such subtopics as, research framework, hypothesis development, data collection method, questionnaire design, data analysis techniques and summary. Such subtopics are discussed in detail. It is in this chapter that all factors affecting the decision to adopt internet banking in Botswana (independent variables) and moderating variables are discussed and sampled. Hypothesis statements are presented and data collection methods are well explained here. Questionnaire is designed based on the independent variables and moderating variables to measure or see if there is any relationship and/or association between them and the dependent variable. Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Findings This chapter involves the incorporation of the interpretation of the collected data from respondents via quantitative method. The determination of the acceptance or rejection of the stated hypotheses statements was also tested. Software called SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) otherwise also known as Predictive Analytics Software (PASW) was used in the research to measure the results. This chapter mainly focuses on analysis the data collected, modelling, graphing and tabling it and presenting it. It is in this chapter, where the acceptance and/or rejection of hypothesis testing statements were scrutinized. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations This chapter explains the outcomes of the testing of the hypotheses determined in chapter 4. The acceptance or rejection of the hypothesis is discussed as well. Additionally the concluded results of hypothesis testing from this study are compared with findings from previous researches. Limitations of this study were also discussed. How to cite Segmentation of Budweiser, Papers